Laser classification
The word LASER stands for Light Amplificationby Stimulated Emissionof Radiation.
Lasers are devices that produce and amplify an energy-dense light wave.
Risk assessment is based on the international classification of lasers.
This classification is used to estimate the radiation hazard.
Class 1: Laser considered safe
Class 1M: Risk if laser beam is used with optics
Class 2: Do not intentionally keep eye in laser beam path
Class 2M: Do not intentionally keep your eye in line with the laser beam; do not look into the beam using an optical instrument.
Class 3R: Direct view of the beam is potentially dangerous
Class 3B: Direct vision of the beam is dangerous; risk of skin lesions; diffuse reflection safe under certain conditions.
Class 4: Dangerous exposure to direct or diffuse radiation for the eye and skin.
Laser hazards
Laser use involves two types of risk: risks associated with the laser beam and risks independent of the beam. Beam-related risks include eye and skin burns, resulting from the reflection of the beam on a person’s body. Beam-independent risks are associated with laser equipment, the hazardous substances it emits, or the vapors emitted by substances exposed to the laser beam.
OCULAR RISKS
The system emits invisible laser radiation at a wavelength of 1,070 nm (close to the infrared spectrum). This beam is highly hazardous to the eyes.
Poor protection can lead to eye damage and reduced acuity and visual field.
Main causes of accidents :
- Little or no eye protection
- Use of inappropriate or defective eyewear
- Poor beam confinement.
Exposure to a laser beam can occur in a number of ways (Figure 30):
- Direct vision in the beam
- Specular reflection
- Diffuse reflection.
SKIN RISKS
The main risks to the skin are thermal.
Interaction with laser radiation can cause deep lesions and burns of varying degrees.
ELECTRICAL RISKS
Dangerous electrical voltage is present in the laser system. This voltage may still be present when the system power supply is disconnected.
Opening the laser system exposes the user to danger.
Improper intervention or intervention by unauthorized personnel may result in electric shock or electrocution, as well as operating hazards.
OTHER ASSOCIATED RISKS
- Mechanical risks (handling, falls, cuts on edges and sharp corners)
- Thermal risks (fire, explosion)
- Acoustic risks (laser breakdown, ventilation and cooling)
- Chemical hazards (gases, fumes, solvents, dusts)
- Ergonomic risks (markings, signs, environment)
- Risks related to organizational factors and individual behavior
They are the result of the presence of people indirectly concerned, sometimes untrained, reflex habits and habituation to danger.
Damage statistics
